![]() To determine a product’s minimum breaking strength (MBS), a sample size is chosen and tested and the results analyzed. Sigma is the Greek letter used to denote standard deviation, a measure of how far a set of numbers (in this case, breaking strengths) is spread out around the mean. ![]() This would be an expensive project, and you’d end up with no useable units! The scientific solution is to use a statistical formula, referred to as three sigma (3σ). But to determine how wide that range is and, more importantly, what the lowest strength is, you would have to break every unit in the population. So a randomly selected sample from a population will perform within some range of break strengths. ![]() ![]() Yet, even with modern, high-tech alloys, two identical carabiners will break at slightly different forces. How did you do? Make sure to share your results and challenge your colleagues to match or beat your score.You might think that answering the question, “How strong is that carabiner (or other item of rescue equipment)?” would be relatively easy. As always, be sure to follow your department's SOGs on their use. Here's a quick quiz provided by our online training partner FireEMS Academy to test your knowledge on ropes and knots. When in doubt, you can always grab a piece of rope and try to practice in your downtime. It's important to learn how to tie knots, as they often come in handy on the fireground. The NFPA standard specifies minimum design, performance, testing and certification requirements for life safety rope, escape rope, water rescue throwlines, life safety harnesses, belts, victim extrication devices, litters, escape webbing, escape systems and auxiliary equipment for emergency services personnel. NFPA 1983 specifies requirements for life safety rope and associated equipment used to support emergency services personnel and civilians during rescue, firefighting or other emergency operations, or during training. ![]() NFPA 1001 requires firefighters to be able to tie each of these seven knots operating on a simulated fireground: There are many knots used by the fire service and various NFPA guidelines on firefighter ability, including the NFPA 1001 skill sheet and NFPA 1983: Standard on Life Safety Rope and Equipment for Emergency Services. ![]()
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